Illinois Farmers Put Rare Pig Back On The Dinner Table To Save It From Extinction
Josh Davis tends to his American mulefoot hogs on his farm in Pocahontas, Illinois. David Kovaluk/St. Louis Public Radio
Josh Davis likes to name his pigs after flowers: Petunia, Iris, Violet and Daisy.
That’s not the only thing that sets him apart as a hog farmer.
For the past three years, Davis and his wife, Alicia, have been raising one of the rarest pig breeds in the world on their farm in Pocahontas, Illinois. The American mulefoot hog was a popular breed in the Midwest in the early 1900s, but now, there are only a few hundred left. The Davises are among a small group of farmers hoping to revive the breed by putting it back on the menu.
“The reason why this hog is going extinct is people aren’t eating them anymore,” Josh Davis explains, loading buckets of fermented grain into a wagon.
He thumps the buckets together and whistles, as his herd of “beautiful flowers” emerges from the trees. The 500-pound hogs roam 12 acres of forest and pasture at Green Finned Hippy Farm, a small organic farm about forty miles northeast of St. Louis.
The American mulefoot hog doesn’t look like your typical pink pig — it’s charcoal black with a solid hoof, like a mule.
It was a popular breed back in the early 1900s, with hundreds of herds spread across more than 20 states, including Missouri, where it was nicknamed the “Ozark hog.”
Jeannette Beranger of the Livestock Conservancy says the mulefoot’s “rough and tumble” nature made it particularly attractive to farmers in the Midwest.
“A lot of the time, American mulefoot hogs were managed on river islands,” Beranger said. “They’d forage all summer long, then when it came to butchering time in the fall, people would just go out to the islands and take what they needed.”
The mulefoot hog started falling out of fashion after World War II, with the rise of commercial agriculture operations that favored a few fast-growing breeds suited to confinement.
American mulefoot hogs chow down on fermented grain. The hogs forage on 12 acres of forest and pasture at Green Finned Hippy Farm in south-central Illinois.
Missouri farmer R.M. Holliday saved the breed from near-extinction in 1964, when he gathered the few remaining mulefoot hogs in the U.S. and established a conservation herd at his farm in Louisiana, Missouri, about 90 miles northwest of St. Louis.
There are about 200 breeding mulefoot hogs left in the U.S. today, all of which are descended from the “Holliday herd.”
‘How can you eat something that’s about to disappear?’
In Illinois, the Davises didn’t need much convincing to get their own herd started.
“It feels like there’s a lot more purpose when you’re doing something that's not just for the sake of growing food for people,” Josh Davis said. “We’re growing food for people, but we’re also doing what we can to be conservationists at the same time.”
R.M. Holliday is credited with saving the American mulefoot hog from extinction in the 1960s, when he gathered the remaining individuals on his farm in Louisiana, Missouri.
Alicia Davis describes the animal as a personable, mild-mannered pig that you can feed out of your hand. Plus, she adds, the meat “just melts in your mouth.”
It hasn’t been easy, however, to persuade their fellow farmers to take the risk.
For some, the problem is the bottom line: the hogs have smaller litter sizes and take about two months longer to mature than a commercial hog.
Although there are several farmers in Missouri raising American mulefoot hogs, including at Littrell Farms in Green City and Crystal Creek Farm in Ash Grove, the Davises are the only registered mulefoot breeders in Illinois.
“We’re still surrounded by very old farming techniques in this area,” Alicia Davis said. “They don’t understand why what we’re doing may be important. They think it maybe wastes time or money.”
In the end, she said, it comes down to economics. In order to keep the American mulefoot hog from disappearing, they have to put back on the dinner table.
“It’s very hard for people to think, ‘How can you eat something that’s about to disappear? Isn’t that making it disappear?’” she said. “It’s the exact opposite. If people lose interest in this hog, that’s why it’ll go extinct.”
‘A special piece of meat’
Over the past year, the Davises have developed a small but loyal following of local chefs, including Rob Connoley, who owns Squatter’s Cafe in St. Louis.
Connoley seeks out local farmers and ranchers in an effort to buy ethically-raised goods with interesting flavors.
“The diversity of sourcing creates a stronger product because it gives you diverse flavors,” he said. “I can go into 20 different restaurants today and pretty much get the exact same food. Why? Because the ingredients come from the exact same places.”
Rob Connoley, owner of Squatter's Cafe in St. Louis, uses the mulefoot meat in several dishes, including a Mexican mole made with local pawpaw fruit.
Connoley pulls a mulefoot hog loin from a chest freezer and points to the thick layer of fat surrounding it.
That fat gives the meat a unique flavor that he’s willing to pay a little extra for.
“It doesn’t taste like the commercial pork we all know. It’s not funky, it’s not gamey,” Connoley said. “It has a rich, clean flavor. It’s such a special piece of meat.”
Connoley uses the mulefoot meat in just about everything, including a Mexican mole made with local pawpaw fruit and their best-selling pork apple breakfast hash.
He also renders gallons of “beautiful, creamy white lard” from the American mulefoot meat, which he uses in a variety of meat dishes.
“There’s not a single piece of that animal that goes to waste, whether it’s the skin that gets turned into chicharron or the fat that gets used in a number of different items,” Connoley said. “Even the bones get roasted off to make a stock.”
Taste aside, he said the ethics of the mulefoot meat are the single most important factor to him.
“If I’m going to consume a life, I want to know that animal had a good life up until the point that it became food,” Connoley said. “I know this animal was well cared for. It was allowed to run in the woods and forage for acorns. That means a lot to me.”
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