Voters this fall are choosing who will occupy the state’s two financial offices: treasurer and comptroller. Even during campaigns, these positions rarely get much attention. In fact, their very existence usually comes into question in proposals to merge the offices into one. Years ago, one person was in charge.

It all changed after a massive scandal filled with fast moves, fancy cars and fraud tarnished state government moneyhandling forever.

Let's go back to 1970.

Illinois was in the midst of a Constitutional Convention, and delegates from across the state were rewriting the rules of state government. It hadn’t been done in nearly a century. Special focus was given to who would handle state finances.

That’s because Illinois had recently been robbed blind.

“They were dealing with a history that involved massive embezzlement by one of the elected Auditors of Public Accounts,” said Political Science professor Kent Redfield. He’s a leading expert on Illinois government and its history.

The name that’s crucial to all of this is Orville Enoch Hodge, who held the now abolished auditor of public accounts office between 1952 and 1956. In just four years, he stole an estimated $6 million in taxpayer money, about $56 million in today’s money.

“It was one of the early big public scandals because we had this run of public scandals, really from 1970 on, with all these governors going to jail," said Chris Mooney, a political science professor at the University of Illinois Chicago.

He and Kent Redfield agree: Illinois has two offices for money-handling because Orville Hodge proved to be one person couldn’t be trusted.

Hodge was raised in Granite City. Before getting into state politics, he inherited a business from his father and was a financial success. He was personable, outgoing and once called a “golden boy” of the Illinois GOP. Many were stunned to learn that a man who had so much had stolen so much.

Here’s how he did it: As the auditor of public accounts, almost every dime Illinois government spent went through Hodge. He would check to see if the expense was legal, write a check, and mail them out. A lot of those checks were written out to him.

The president of a friendly bank in Chicago would personally deposit the cash into a secret account. Once he had the money, Hodge spent it on more than two dozen luxury cars and two private jets. He bought pricey real estate in Illinois and Florida, and threw extravagant parties for Springfield insiders.

To keep the legislature off his trail, Hodge handed out jobs and fudged his accounting records. And that, as Chris Mooney says, is a big problem.

“If you don’t have good accounting controls set up, people’s darker angels might rear their heads," he explained. "You want to make it hard on people. You want to make it difficult for them to do bad.”

But it wasn’t difficult to do bad. And that’s the really mind-boggling thing about Hodge’s crimes: they were par for the course in Illinois. Pilfering of the state treasury, payroll padding and other graft was going on all the time. But the scale at which Hodge was able to do it made him unique.

“Good Ol’ Orv,” as he was called, was eventually found out. Illinois investigated for decades to come up with a final accounting of Hodge’s theft. Kent Redfield says the scandal left uneasiness in its wake.

Photo Credit: Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum Archives

“There was a concern about ‘who audits the auditor?’ and ‘how do we get better fiscal control?’”

So, when the auditor of public accounts office was brought up at the 1970 Constitutional Convention, Chris Mooney says the state just got rid of it altogether.

"That led to these two offices, one being basically the one that has the checkbook and the other one that invests the money.

That checkbook handler is called the comptroller. To ensure a Hodge situation would never happen again, Kent Redfield says both the treasurer and the comptroller have to sign off on state expenses, called warrants.

“You’re getting two people in the mix in terms of money flowing out of the State Treasury, and so the idea is to provide more oversight.”

But as memory of the scandal faded, so did memory of why Illinois has two financial officers. It’s faded so much that there’s been almost perennial talk of merging the comptroller’s office with the treasurer’s. It would take an amendment to the state’s Constitution to get it done, but some claim it could save Illinois millions of dollars a year.

Redfield seems game for it.

“If it were taking place as part of a really sincere effort to reorganize state government, then this is something that certainly could be part of that.”

But Mooney’s a bit less optimistic. He says Illinois has a lot more to worry about than combining the state financial offices.

“The general point is: who has got the incentive to put political time, and capital, and money and everything else, into this good government effort, versus other things they might wanna do?” he asked.

Plus, those who believe in keeping the offices separate have history on their side.  No one wants another Orville Hodge.

Here’s a look at the candidates for comptroller and treasurer and where they stand on key issues:

Comptroller

Claire Ball (Libertarian)

Hometown: Chicago

Education: Bachelor’s degree in accounting, DeVry University; Master’s in accounting and finance, CPA, Keller Graduate School of Managment

Photo Credit: Dupage Libertarians

Ball is a relative political newcomer. Following her CPA certification in 2016, she ran in that year’s State Comptroller election against Republican Leslie Munger and current Democratic officeholder Susana Mendoza. Ball currently works as a Senior Accountant at Noble Network of Charter Schools in Chicago.

Of her motivation to run for political office, Ball says she “couldn’t sit on the sidelines anymore,” believing the “political monopoly” held by both sides of Illinois’ two major political parties have “caused damage.”

Susana Mendoza (Democrat, Incumbent)

Hometown: Chicago

Education: Bachelor’s in business administration; Truman State University

Photo Credit: Susana Mendoza/Facebook

Mendoza’s political career began in 2001, when she was first elected to represent Illinois’ 1st District in the State House of Representatives. She held that post until 2011, then won Chicago’s City Clerk election in 2015, becoming the first woman to hold that office.  Mendoza has served as Illinois’ Comptroller since 2016, having defeated then-incumbent Republican Leslie Munger.

Mendoza has enjoyed a number of legislative victories in the past year, including a bill that requires state agencies to submit monthly reports on outstanding bills and interest calculations to her office. She describes her record in statewide office thus far as “independent,” and has often described herself as a “fiscal watchdog

Darlene Senger (Republican)

Hometown: Naperville

Education: Bachelor’s in finance, Purdue University, MBA from DePaul University 

Photo Credit: Darlene Senger campaign/Facebook

From 2009 to 2015, Senger represented Illinois’ 41st District as a member of the state House of Representatives. She left that post to run for Congress in Illinois’ 11th District, but was defeated by the incumbent, Democrat Bill Foster. Before her time in the legislature, she was active in the private sector as a financial adviser and served on the Naperville City Council from 2002 to 2008.

Senger’s campaign platform includes “reduc[ing] government waste while continuing to protect needed safety net programs.” According to her campaign website, Senger says she’s committed to “finding innovative ways” to make government “more efficient.”

State treasurer

Jim Dodge (Republican)

Hometown: Orland Park

Education: Bachelor’s, Depaul; MBA from University of Chicago

Photo Credit: Dodge campaign/Facebook

A retired sergeant in the Illinois National Guard, Dodge’s political career began in Orland Park, where he was elected village clerk in 1989. He was active in Orland Park government throughout the 1990s and now sits on its Board of Trustees. Dodge has also been senior vice president of the Nielsen Company. 

Dodge says he “knows how to grow a local economy” and is actively campaigning against “tax increases” and “burdensome regulations.” He points to his “30 years of private and public sector experience” as “uniquely qualifying” for a statewide office run.

Mike Frerichs (Democrat, Incumbent)

Hometown: Gifford

Education: Bachelor’s, Yale University

Photo Credit: Frerichs campaign/Facebook

Frerichs has been active in state politics since the late 1990s. He ran two unsuccessful bids for a seat in the Illinois House of Representatives in 1998 and 2000, but won election to the Illinois Senate in 2006. He won re-election in 2010 and 2012, before narrowly defeating Republican Tom Cross in the 2014 Illinois treasurer election. Before his foray into politics, Frerichs ran a technology startup and served as a volunteer fireman.

In a meeting with the State Journal-Register’s Editorial Board, Frerichs said he’d “more than quadrupled” Illinois government’s monthly investment returns during his first term, citing his office’s success in allocating state dollars to a greater range of investment vehicles. Frerichs’ campaign website states his “commitment” to being a “responsible steward of Illinois’ investments” and to providing more investment opportunities to families.

Mike Leheney (Libertarian)

Hometown: Bourbonnais

Education:  Bachelor’s in finance, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Photo Credit: Leheney campaign/Facebook

Leheney, like comptroller candidate Claire Ball, is also a newcomer in Illinois politics. He began his financial career in 1999 at accounting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers. He’s also worked in the financial divisions of health care companies Baxter and Cardinal. Leheney now works in financial analysis and treasury at Cooper’s Hawk Winery & Restaurants.

Leheney states on his campaign website that 19 years of professional experience have prepared him for “take on the challenges of the treasurer’s office.” He says Springfield is “clearly lacking” in financial expertise, and that holding either side of the major political parties “accountable” is a central tenet of his campaign

Positions

Ethics & Transparency

Considering the legacy of the Orville Hodge scandal, ethical and accountable management of taxpayer dollars has long been a hallmark of both the State Treasurer and Comptroller’s offices. Both offices are expected to work in tandem to keep a close eye on every public dollar coming in and going out of Springfield. Both must also provide detailed, publicly accessible financial records so Illinois residents can easily see how their money is being spent. Other fiscal responsibilities, like preventing fraud and eliminating wasteful spending or practices, are also central to this issue.

Comptroller candidates:

• Claire Ball: “The Illinois checkbook is online, but provides no information about priorities – why some bills are paid and others deferred. Just to question one recent example, why was a political blogger paid, when social service agencies that assist the disabled were not? As comptroller, I will publish a table of priorities, listing the order items are paid and why. Illinois taxpayers deserve to know who’s getting paid, and most importantly, why.” -Campaign website

• Susana Mendoza: “My office and I are shining a light on the state’s finances like never before. Because transparency breeds accountability, I will continue using every tool at my disposal, including my knowledge of the legislative process, to be a watchdog and create greater transparency of our state’s finances. As the state’s chief fiscal and accountability officer, I’m laser-focused on strengthening our transparency tools in order to get our State back on a stronger fiscal footing.” -Campaign website

• Darlene Senger: “I want to bring politics out of the Comptroller’s office, since it is an independent office. I want to create more transparency in regards to educating what the full debt of the state is, and be a watchdog for the audits and everything we can within municipalities. I will promise you that, if elected, I will serve 4 years. That’s my transparency right now.” - September 18 Chicago Tribune Editorial Board meeting.

Treasurer candidates:

• Jim Dodge: “We cannot rely on budgetary smoke and mirrors to hide the challenges we face - we need real transparency in government. It is time that the taxpayers of Illinois know the true costs of the political promises that have been made and will be made. Every single elected official should be looking at ways to streamline inefficiencies, cut waste, and end corruption. As treasurer, I will tell the taxpayers the truth. My loyalty will always be to them and never to the political machine.” - Campaign website

• Mike Frerichs: “When Treasurer Frerichs was Champaign County Auditor, he was recognized by a national organization (Government Finance Officers Association) for his efforts to bring accountability and transparency to county finances. He received the Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting every year he served as County Auditor. While County Auditor, Treasurer Frerichs achieved the designation of Certified Public Finance Officer (CPFO), which he currently maintains. Within weeks of taking office Treasurer Frerichs signed Executive Order No. 15-01 – an Employee Bill of Rights – to safeguard Treasury employees from being pressured to do political work, and to underscore the importance of maintaining a safe, professional, and harassment-free workplace.” - Campaign website

• Mike Leheney: “My platform is rooted in two simple concepts: responsibility and transparency. You hear a lot of politicians talk about these concepts but, unfortunately, they are rarely practiced. This is because they are missing a key ingredient…Integrity. As a Libertarian, I am independent from the two-party system that has gotten us into this mess. It also means I can hold either side accountable, without risking the scorn of a billionaire party leader.” -Political philosophy submission to Ballotpedia.com

Managing Taxpayer Dollars

As UIC Professor Chris Mooney explained, the state treasurer primarily invests taxpayer money brought into Illinois’ coffers, while the comptroller controls the checkbook, paying the state’s various bills, which are known as expense warrants. Each job requires careful management of complex payment and investment systems across a network of individual state employees. The state comptroller and treasurer also aim to find ways to make state dollars go further for longer, and work directly with the Illinois legislature to improve state government’s fiscal policies.

Comptroller candidates:

• Claire Ball: “Illinois does not have a revenue problem; it has a spending problem. When elected, I will lead by example, cutting the comptroller budget and publicizing how others’ can be similarly cut. Illinois also has reporting problem – the 2014 financial reports were published 257 days late, one of the worst in the nation. Both these problems hurt Illinois’ job environment. Who wants to invest in a state that can’t pay its bills or even report them on time? I will take a business approach to the Comptroller’s office and provide financial reports on schedule.” - Campaign website

• Susana Mendoza: “The Illinois Comptroller should serve as a strong check and balance to the Executive Branch. I take my commitment to be a truth-telling fiscal watchdog, who serves as that check and balance, very seriously. I will continue exposing questionable State contracts and improperly used funds, in addition to advocating for both morally and fiscally sound policies. My staff and I will work diligently to usher in a new era of technology modernization in the office of the Illinois comptroller, starting with new payroll and accounting systems. This will allow us to update and integrate our accounting system to work efficiently with the systems used by other government agencies.” - Campaign website

• Darlene Senger: “By ending high interest payouts to Illinois vendors, we can save taxpayers millions of dollars. Insiders and donors shouldn’t get to be at the front of the line for state payment. Greater innovation will increase transparency and reduce overall costs.” - Campaign website

Treasurer candidates:

• Jim Dodge: “The treasurer is responsible for the state’s investments, and past treasurers have let approximately $14 billion sit in the bank making 1% or 2% interest while we have a backlog of approximately $7 billion in unpaid bills accruing interest up to 12%. Does that make sense to you? Because it doesn’t make sense to me. No one runs a business or their family finances this way. We need to make investments and set policy that squeeze the most out of every taxpayer dollar. I intend to put our money to work in a way that makes sense to both you and me. Together, we’ll plan for a better future for Illinois.” - Campaign website

• Mike Frerichs: When asked at a September 17 SJ-R editorial board meeting how this issue squares with similar responsibilities as a state legislator, Frerichs said “the obvious answer is you’re an executive; you get to make decisions,” whereas just having ideas as a legislator. “As an executive,” he said, “I came in and decided I wanted to improve our college savings plans. I sat down and talked with our advisers and investment manages and said we’re gonna make some changes. We made them! If you really want to affect change, and you want to do it quickly, and you don’t have a lot of patience, executive office is a much better place for that. I think the public expects results [from the Treasurer’s office], and I think we’ve delivered in the four years I’ve been in office.

• Mike Leheney: “We have dug ourselves into a fiscal situation which is untenable going forward. If we remain with the status quo, we will inevitably hurtle towards bankruptcy, and I want to avoid that. I don’t think, with state funds, there’s an appetite for a huge increase in risk, and I don’t think that’s an appropriate place to do that...I would like to be slightly more aggressive than we are now, [because] I think some of the returns we’re getting on some of what are typically more conservative investments, we’re getting a lower return than what the true risk profile is.” - September 17 State Journal-Register Editorial Board meeting

Merging the comptroller/treasurer offices?

Comptroller candidates:

• Claire Ball: NO. “I believe that the two officeholders should remain separate, but that doesn’t mean that they shouldn’t be sharing services. If [the millions of dollars Illinois could save annually] comes from the two offices melding and doing things together, why can’t they do that now while maintaining the constitutional authority between the two? You need a constitutional amendment to share a printer?” - September 18 Chicago Tribune Editorial Board meeting

• Susana Mendoza: NO. ““I truly believe that there’s a great deal of value to be had for taxpayers to ensure that there’s a check and balance, that the person responsible for managing the state’s funds here in Illinois is not the same person who has access to that checkbook. It’s just common sense.” - September 18 Chicago Tribune Editorial Board meeting

• Darlene Senger: YES. Senger points to other states as a model. “There’s states that do not have either [Treasurer or Comptroller offices],” she told a September 18th Chicago Tribune Editorial Board meeting.  [In those states,] it’s an administration function under an agency.”

Treasurer candidates:

• Jim Dodge: YES. “One of the ways I intend to save Illinois money and improve its financial condition is through consolidation of government positions, cutting costs statewide, and ending unnecessary spending. And I’m starting with my own position. If we could save millions of dollars a year by combining the office of treasurer with the office of comptroller, shouldn’t we? There’s no need for both positions to continue when so many states function better with a combined office. This isn’t about my career. It’s about creating a better future for the people of Illinois.” - Campaign website

• 

  Mike Frerichs: YES. “There are financial responsibilities that shouldn’t be under one roof, but you could merge these two offices and you have other elected officials out there that could take on some of that responsibility, [like the auditor general or secretary of state.] You have segregation of duties, but at the same time have a net reduction in total number of elected officials by one.” - September 17 State Journal-Register Editorial Board meeting

• Mike Leheney: NO. According to an August 30 Chicago Tribune article, the Libertarian candidate said “seeking to combine it, [the Treasurer’s office], with comptroller would eliminate a source of “checks and balances” and deny voters an elective office.